| Patient age | 23 |
| Patient sex | Male |
| Tooth | 21 |
| Chief complaint | My tooth is sore and changing colour |
| Medical history | Nothing of note |
| Dental history | Patient sustained a knock to the tooth during a brawl over 4 months prior |
| Clinical evaluation | Virgin tooth that is tender to percussion & palpation. No response to sensibility testing |

| Diagnosis | Necrotic pulp and acute apical periodontitis |
| Treatment planned | Orthograde root canal treatment and intracoronal bleaching |
| Alternatives | Orthograde root canal treatment and veneer to mask discolouration |
| Prognosis | Good |

| Treatment | Orthograde root canal treatment over two visits |
| Chemomechanical debridement | Instrumentation with k-file to produce a reproducible glide path, rotary NiTi to finish the preparation & irrigation with NaOCl. MAF X2 (ProTaper Next) |
| Dressing | Ca(OH)2 for 1 week |
| Obturation | With GP & AH Plus sealer. Warm vertical condensation technique. |
| Orifice barrier | GIC |
| Bleach | Sodium perborate for 2 weeks |

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